46 (edited by lyra 2005-03-27 17:58:58)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Alushe wrote:

Can anyone say "Apophia"? Is there anyone else that thinks Goro's a big load of codswallop?

Have you read the rest of his stuff?   If not, then it doesn't make much sense to judge the man's entire body of work based on one small excerpt, which admittedly, doesn't make a hell of a lot of sense for those with zero background into what he's talking about.    But I knew that when posting it and took the risk, regardless.   I totally realize it's not the best sample to choose from, so therefore, not the best excerpt to judge the guy on.

Besides, at least his site is not center alligned.   big_smile

(ps edit:  I highly recommend Goro's book "The Time Rivers".....now THAT'S a piece of work that will hold up against any skeptical criticism......)

"Life's journey is not to arrive at the grave safely in a well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, totally worn out, shouting "Holy shit ... what a ride!"  - Anonymous
-----
"I get by with a little help from my (higher density) friends."
-----

47 (edited by Alushe 2005-03-27 18:06:00)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

I've read alot more than that excerpt... None of it particularly grabbed me, I think this guy looks into things way too much. Terminator 3 as a catalyst to the endtimes? Well, it was a terrible film but I don't think it was that bad. Nor do I think the symbolism in the Ocean's 11 poster was terribly pertinent to current world events.
If you want a film with symbolism relevant to anything then see "A Beautiful Mind" and compare the character portrayed by Russell Crowe to Goro.

48 (edited by lyra 2005-03-27 20:03:24)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Alushe wrote:

I've read alot more than that excerpt... None of it particularly grabbed me,

Then you must not be reading what the rest of us are reading, nor paying much attention.  wink  But in all fairness, we're all entitled to our opinions.  Lots of material recommended here at NR doesn't particularly grab me either.   However, it doesn't mean it's crazy or incorrect or off, so I refrain from judging the actual material just because it doesn't grab me.


Alushe wrote:

I think this guy looks into things way too much.

Indeed, some stuff he reads into too much, so I have to agree with you here to an extent. 


Alushe wrote:

Terminator 3 as a catalyst to the endtimes? Well, it was a terrible film but I don't think it was that bad.

Well, you perfectly illustrated my first point....you're not paying attention.    He wasn't criticizing T3 nor discussing its relevance in terms of "good movie", "bad movie."   What Goro was pointing out about T3 -  quite clearly to the rest of us who were paying attention - is that the numbers / dates that were stressed in the movie "coincidentally" line up to the date of the Madrid bombing.  In addition to other relvevant symbolisms.   Then again, there are no coincidences, are there?   wink   But see, you've missed entirely the point of what he was talking about in regards to T3.   So how can anybody take your argument seriously when you've proven that you misunderstood what he was even talking about in the first place?     

The point of Goro's work isn't to criticize "good movie" or "bad movie", it's to show that names, dates, times, places, etc. all seem to have symbolic meaning, and even appear prophetically in various sources.   It's the whole "As Above, So Below" thing.  Stuff playing out on the larger scale seems to also manifest symbolically on the small scale.   Take that realization to the next point, which is......what are the implications?    Reality isn't random or coincidental, and the fact that so much stuff lines up the way it does indicates some Grand Design.   But of who's making?     



Alushe wrote:

Nor do I think the symbolism in the Ocean's 11 poster was terribly pertinent to current world events.

Well, if those are your only two examples to use for debunking years worth of writings then that's just bad logic. wink  Out of an entire website, countless articles and web blogs, and even a full length book, those are your two examples to debunk him?   

Enough said.



Alushe wrote:

If you want a film with symbolism relevant to anything then see "A Beautiful Mind" and compare the character portrayed by Russell Crowe to Goro.

Well, there are a lot more movies out there besides "A Beautiful Mind" that have symbolic relevance, and to compare a schizophrenic to Goro means you clearly haven't read as much of his work as you claim.

Do I sound snippy?   Maybe so, I suppose.  Alushe, I've read schizophrenic writings - some of them have even been linked to and recommended here, at NR - and Goro is not in the same boat.    A good chunk of the current active members of NR are avid Goro readers and former members of the Etemenanki Forum.    I guess we all must be pretty crazy then to give such credence to the man's research and observations.  And again, I don't believe every single conclusion Goro makes, nor agree with everything he says, but he's pointed out way too many things that have relevance for me to ignore.  You're free to do as you choose and believe what you will....buuuuuut.....being that this is a public messageboard, open for debate, and you've publicly posted your opinions on a matter, which I can argue against and refute, I'm going to do just that.

Another thing to be pointed out is that even Goro realizes that any newbies going over to his site right now, at this point in March 2005, are going to think he's crazy, because the stuff he's talking about is all material which has been built up over the past 2 years.     The guy knows he sounds nuts, and he just shrugs.  What can he do?   At this point he's writing for his longtime readers who know the terms and understand the context of what he's writing about.   

All I can say is, read "The Time Rivers", read all of his articles.   And more importantly, go back and read the web blogs, in order, starting 2 years ago to the present, like the rest of us Etemenanki readers.    Then come back on here and liken him to a schizophrenic.   I honestly don't believe you will be able to.   And not to dredge up unrelated stuff, because that's a major logical fallacy, but keep in mind Alushe that you were the same person who posted a snippy comment to me in the Movies thread last Sept. trying to sarcastically debunk the Fritz Springmeier link I posted regarding the movie "Labyrinth" and its many MANY mind control symbolisms and references.   If I remember correctly, you picked out one single item out of the entire article which you took issue with -  Fritz's claim that David Bowie actually died 20 years ago - then proceeded to sarcatically snap at the article based on that one little thing.   The very same thing you're doing now.  There's a term for that, it's called "Throwing the baby out with the bath water."  It's just not a valid way to debunk stuff.

"Life's journey is not to arrive at the grave safely in a well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, totally worn out, shouting "Holy shit ... what a ride!"  - Anonymous
-----
"I get by with a little help from my (higher density) friends."
-----

49 (edited by Alushe 2005-03-27 21:38:42)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Lyra,

I've been following Goro's writings for almost a year, and have backread alot of his previous works. The terminator 3 comment was a joke which you obviously did not understand. You have taken my post out of context as you did in the movie thread you mentioned. I was not comparing Goro to the schizophrenic aspect of Russell Crowe's character, but to the fact that he noticed all these "patterns" and "codes" in places where there were not any: APOPHENIA. Look it up. You think my brief postings are the sum of my entire refutation and arguments? You are way off. I was making a comment, not an argument. My initial question was:

Is there anyone else that thinks Goro's a big load of codswallop?

I wanted to see if anyone else held the same view I did, so that a discussion could ensue. I have not found one piece of criticism towards Goro's theories or writings, and I doubt this is because they are irrefutable or infallible.

My point is, I'm not posting on this particular thread to enrage Goro's avid followers, nor to make myself seem like some cutting edge intellectual by refuting his claims... I'm posting here because I'm concerned that people are taking what I believe to be wildly speculative claims and predictions so seriously, without any discernment or opposition.

50 (edited by lyra 2005-03-28 07:38:24)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Alushe wrote:

The terminator 3 comment was a joke which you obviously did not understand.

Well, it is kind of hard to tell with you.   If that's your version of joking then I'd hate to see how you sound when you're cranky.  wink    Especially considering past comments on your behalf, which sets the tone and precedent for how one perceives your future comments.



Alushe wrote:

You have taken my post out of context as you did in the movie thread you mentioned.

Again, it's all based on the precedent that was set beforehand.   So I believe my interpretations of your posts - however incorrect they may be- is understandable. 


Alushe wrote:

I was not comparing Goro to the schizophrenic aspect of Russell Crowe's character, but to the fact that he noticed all these "patterns" and "codes" in places where there were not any:

Well, it may have been clear as day to you, but obviously not to others.     

(regarding your claim that he was seeing codes and patterns where there were not any, please see my concluding comments at the end of this post......)



Alushe wrote:

You think my brief postings are the sum of my entire refutation and arguments? You are way off.

Well...whose fault is that?   Considering that's all you mentioned?    If you don't want someone believing that your brief postings are the sum of your entire refutation, then......post more.  Don't give them a reason to think that's all you can come up with.    What else can I conclude when you only post some short brief little snippet?   


Alushe wrote:

Is there anyone else that thinks Goro's a big load of codswallop?   I wanted to see if anyone else held the same view I did, so that a discussion could ensue.

Well, so far nobody else has stepped forward agreeing with you, but...it doesn't mean that nobody ever will.   I'm sure there are a few out there, we just haven't heard from them yet.   And my comments are definitely a discussion....even if you don't like what I'm saying.  wink  It's just not the discussion you were hoping or looking for I suspect... 


Alushe wrote:

I have not found one piece of criticism towards Goro's theories or writings, and I doubt this is because they are irrefutable or infallible.

Well, you may not have found them, but they certainly exist.  I've read them...on his forum, on his Comments section that used to be attached to each and every blog, and I myself have also criticized him, as well as others.  And we were kicked off his forum for doing so.   That was mentioned earlier in this thread.  So this statement is either based on an oversight on your part, or an exagerration to forcibly prove a point.    In fact, there was one person named "Tarzan" who relished giving Goro a hard time on his Comments section...til he got kicked out.  So, the criticisms exist, you just have to know where to find them and catch them before they get deleted.  wink



Alushe wrote:

My point is, I'm not posting on this particular thread to enrage Goro's avid followers,

I'm not enraged, just to clarify.   This is a messageboard.   wink


Alushe wrote:

I'm posting here because I'm concerned that people are taking what I believe to be wildly speculative claims and predictions so seriously, without any discernment or opposition.

And you can know for sure that I, and everybody else, are not using discernment?   You're inside us, and know what we're doing and what we're thinking....you know how we think?    Come on, Alushe.   You did write "without any discernment", not "what seems like a lack of discernment sometimes with some people."   You're making a very authoritative, across the board blanket statement here, which is ridiculous.

At this point, all I can do is offer up what I'll call "The Goro Challenge."  smile   I offer it up to everybody and anybody, including me and you, Alushe.    Cause people can go back and forth with subjective arguments such as "Goro is crazy!"  "No he's not!"  "Yes he is!"  "No!"  "Way!" blah blah blah, but, what about the actual concrete facts ?    What about all the things he's come up with, predicted, or connected together which has validity and is pretty damn amazing and beyond probability?    And like you said..................what about the stuff where he's just reading too much into something?   Or stuff where he may have been off?    Let's analyze all of it, that's the only way to get to the bottom of anything, once and for all.     The fact is, your "argument" is horribly unbalanced and one sided.   You conveniently choose to make generalized statements about how speculative he is, and claim to have been reading his material for over a year now....and yet.....not once in that time period you were able to find anything in his work which had validity or was a solid connection?    Either you truly haven't found anything valid, (which is kind of funny) or, you're just choosing to leave that part out in your unbalanced argument.    I mean, you want to talk about "wildly speculative claims" and make blanket statements that me and others are not using discernment.     So, let's see then.   "The Goro Challenge" it will be, if you're up for it.  I'm not about generalized subjective arguments.   If you're going to try to get a discussion "ensuing", as you mentioned, then, let's do it.   Throw it all together then step back and analyze it.

"Life's journey is not to arrive at the grave safely in a well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, totally worn out, shouting "Holy shit ... what a ride!"  - Anonymous
-----
"I get by with a little help from my (higher density) friends."
-----

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Alushe, one thing does strike me as odd about Goro.  His effect on people.  A lot of them become apologists. 

I personally like Goro's way of thinking, but I like it because of how he thinks, not what he concludes.  It's like what someone said about his work, that he's working backwards, taking what has happened and fitting it into his preconcieved pattern.  The thing is, anyone with enough creativity can prove anything, and the brain filters out that which doesn't fit into one's desired reality.  While I am a fan of synchronicity (seeing tons of 23s lately, and I've had my own experience with 311 that I can't figure out that preceded my knowledge of synchronicity.  It was, in fact, how I came to learn about the phenomenon.), I don't find our present intellectual capabilities of discerning truth very reliable, especially in areas of intuition in this age of re-learning our seemingly lost higher faculties.  Anyone who has realized that we choose our illusions sees how common fallability is, and would be wise not to rush the process or make one's filter too narrow.

As it stands, I feel that the path he is on is his to choose and I don't make judgment on whether or not it is correct.  The play's the thing, as the saying goes, and while it may not be what I would choose, it is interesting to see people throw themselves whole-heartedly on a single path, while I glean whatever knowledge and wisdom I can from it.  I say, let us not become too entagled in the story, but the spirit that produces that story.  All things that humanity produces reveals a single thing, most often overlooked: the human spirit.  In the search for truth, most people consisitently miss the most obvious, and often don't see the irony of their own judgment of objectivity.

* When we start identifying wisdom with our ability to comprehend its form, what wisdom is that?
* Judge not, that ye be not judged. For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
* People want platitudes, not progress.

52 (edited by lyra 2005-03-28 15:43:45)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Alright, well, as a continuation of my previous post, I thought I'd get on here and post what I consider to be some of Goro's "highlights", aka, moments where he discovered something that was pretty damn cool.   It's part of the whole Goro Challenge thing I was referring to.    I'll do this here and there when I have a moment to post the best of the best.   Right now I'll focus on his highly underrated book, "The Time Rivers."  It's Goro's assertation that the Nile River seems to have been intelligently designed, due to all the "coincidences", which, when pooled together, indicate something bigger.  Like many things, coincidences taken individually can be explained away, but taken together it becomes harder and harder to dismiss. 

A few of Goro's best Nile discoveries, or, stuff he's pointing out that nobody else in mainstream academia seems willing to talk about:

- The Great Bend in the Nile River, which is the only point in the Nile where it flows southward like a 'normal' river, just so happens to lie at exactly 19.5 degrees latitude and 33 degrees longitude.   This in itself seemed so fantastic that I didn't believe him.  I had to go online to an atlas and verify it for myself. 

- The source of the river happens to originate in Lake Victoria, which lies exactly on the Equator.

- The Delta lies at exactly 30 degrees latitude.   It was this number, 30, that helped give Goro the notion of the river-as-time indicator, since in an ancient Egypt a month was exactly 30 days.  Also in ancient Egypt, the Seb festival was held in a King's 30th year of reign.    In modern times our months are also 30 - 31 days, depending. 

-Cairo - Greek Kairos - denotes "Time".   Cairo stems from Al Qahirah, which means "the victorious", as in Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile.


(a sidenote:   Much of the book then proceeds to set up how / why the Nile is in fact a timeline indicator, with the source representing the start, and the Delta representing present times, and pointing towards Man moving on to Mars in the timeline's continuing future.  This is the part of the book where it gets convoluted, and where I don't always agree with his conclusions or line of reasoning.   It's my belief that this is the part of the book where Goro lost some credibility amongst the "Alternative Egyptology" researchers, who, as he once told me in an email, have rejected his book.   Much of it could have been chopped out, with the focus instead remaining on the undisputed mathematical aspects of the Nile.  If the focus had instead remained on proving the theory of intelligent design, then maybe later on he could have slowly introduced some of his "wackier" ideas regarding the timeline aspect and how he derived those conclusions.   Start slow, and build, is the key.   Don't bombard the reader with too much or give ammunition to the skeptics, ESPECIALLY when it concerns something you know will be met with skepticism.  Keep it short, to the point, and stick to the mathematical facts which can be proven.) 


- At the end of the book Goro had the idea of a pendulum while looking at Lake Victoria, because of its position at the "bottom" (top) of the river which does invoke a pendulum when you look at it.   Using the formula to calculate a pendulum period, he used the length of the river, 3300 km, and Earth's gravity at the equator (9.78 m/s2) where the "weight", Lake Victoria, resides, which yield exactly 60 minutes / 50 seconds, so, almost exactly one hour.   He found that to be pretty interesting, because obviously, one Earth hour is 60 minutes.   But this didn't turn out to be even the half of it

-From there he "straightened" the Nile to its full length course length of 5340 km and inserted that number into the pendulum equation and came up with 77 minutes, 23 seconds, (hang on to that thought....)

- Then he proceeded to take the straightened out Nile and "swing it outward", like a pendulum, and found that it touched the exact tip of India, which lies at longtitude 77.5, which connects back to previous pendulum swing period.

- Then for the most crazy idea of all, he decided to insert Mars' gravity into the pendulum formula, (because in the book he presents the case that the Nile's time line and symbolism points towards Man going off planet to Mars in this upcoming time period)  and using the difference between the two Nile lengths, just to see what he would come up with.   The result was 77.65 minutes.   (I know, it's nuts, but that's still pretty damn weird when you think about it...)

-  Then he looked at the ratio between the straightened out and unstraightened Nile River lengths - 3300 km : 5340 km - and saw that it was expressed as 1:1.618.

Phi.

The Golden Ratio of 1:1.61803398.

- Then for kicks he decided to figure out the distance between two other of the world's major river systems - The Amazon, and the Mississippi.   From the delta of the Amazon to the delta of the Mississippi, the distance is exactly 5340 km.   The exact length of the straightened out Nile river.

- On another sidenote, Goro gets into the Mississippi River as well, pointing out that amazingly, the Mississippi's mouth is situated at 30 degrees latitude, just as the Nile's is and exactly 90 degrees longitude.   The deltas of both rivers line up perfectly on the globe.

- At the point where the Mississippi is joined by the Ohio, you will find a town called Cairo. And when both rivers are lined up side by side, Cairo, US correlates exactly to the Great Bend in the Nile river.

- Down river you have Memphis TN, another Egyptian city, which, when the two rivers are again put side by side, corresponds to "stuff" on his Nile timeline.


It's just weird, is all I can say.   Too weird.   And again, had Goro kept it more simple and stuck to the mathematical facts, the book may have received more attention.    My idea is that the book could have been presented as two small books.  The first one to introduce the mathematical anomolies, the second to take it a step further and introduce his timeline idea.  I don't know.  I think his discoveries in this area are valid, and its a shame that it hasn't gone anywhere.

"Life's journey is not to arrive at the grave safely in a well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, totally worn out, shouting "Holy shit ... what a ride!"  - Anonymous
-----
"I get by with a little help from my (higher density) friends."
-----

53 (edited by impatiens 2005-03-28 22:35:34)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Hi All,

I'm gonna' weigh in and post some of my impressions, after having spent almost a year reading and posting at Goro's site.

First, a correction/clarification of one thing I noticed in an above message. It was not Goro who wrote about Ocean's 11 and 12, and the alleged symbolism contained within those films and their adverts/posters; it was a forum member named Bhang. And I really appreciated/enjoyed his research and theories. Neither can I recall, btw, Goro ever commenting on that particular thread.

I don't consider myself an apologist for Goro. (Btw, I haven't read his book. But upon finding his site, I read every article he posted and archived, before I joined the forum.) Neither do I regard him as any kind of guru, and I don't believe that he wants to be regarded as one, though I agree that it seems that some others do. That's their pleasure, imo.
 
This is pretty much how I see Goro: as one smart cookie, a man with a brilliant mind, a radical/non-traditional thinker, with mucho curiosity, and generous too. On the flip side, I feel that he's also impatient, and just a tad controlling lol evidenced by his inability to tolerate opinions or info which are contrary to some of his beliefs/theories; peak oil is a prime example of this. I'm not trying to defend, promote, or slag him. These are my observations of over a year. Also, while I learned much from him and at his site (from others), and was greatly informed and entertained too, I did not agree with everything he did or said. Though I understood some of his "bannings", others confounded or disappointed me. This had the overall effect of making me realize that some comments/subjects were verboten on Etem, so I avoided going there; which was self-censorship. (Not conducive to open, honest communication IMO, especially in a place that promotes Uniting Reality with Imagination.)

This a new word for me -- Apophenia: In psychology, the perception of connections and meaningfulness in unrelated things. Apophenia can be a normal phenomenon or an abnormal one, as in paranoid schizophrenia when the patient sees ominous patterns where there are none.

From a definition on a medical site. So if apophenia can be a normal or abnormal phenomenon, what about paranormal. And would paranormal among most doctors/scientists be considered abnormal, and therefore a dis-ease? My guess is that it would be regarded as a "sickness" since most medical/scientific types, in my experience, don't "embrace" paranormal phenomena. Don't want to go too much into this, as it's a topic unto itself.

Would just like to say though, that much of what Goro postulates would definitely be regarded as outside the norm, therefore "abnormal", but I feel that a more apt description would be paranormal. Or is there a better word? Likely there is, just don't know what it is. And, I distinctly recall Goro commenting in a thread, once remarking that the conversation was taking on a "woowoo" feel. I don't know precisely what he meant by that, I could only surmise a guess. But, there were definitely times when the forum got way out of control. WooWoo? Dunno'. Sometimes it just got real ugly or stupid for no good reason.

I also realize that this is how some people would describe Goro's writings too, as "woowoo". Also most people who think/talk/behave outside of the "mainstream" so to speak, are regarded as "woowoo" to others. C'est la vie.

Also, no matter how good any person is at communicating, misunderstandings still abound. Hopefully, they're resolved quickly for the misunderstandings that they are. When they get personal or ugly, that's when deeper issues are revealed, imo

Ultimately, to this definition, "the perception of connections and meaningfulness in unrelated things"  I would include the word, "seemingly": The perception of connections and meaningfulness in SEEMINGLY unrelated things. I feel that this completes the sentence, makes it more accurate. Long before I encountered Etemenanki, and now this site, I've seen/sensed connections in otherwise seemingly unrelated things. Which makes me abnormal? Good! Being "normal" is highly over-rated in my books.

I'll end this post with a joke that came to mind -- "What's the difference between God and a guru? God doesn't think he's a guru!"

My bad! Ok, had heard it before, and doctor was used in place of guru. Just playing with that one, and it's now making me lose what's left of my mind! smile

Have a good day, Y'all. Take care. Write on...

54 (edited by Haven 2005-03-28 22:49:09)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Here's something that is interesting about Goro's work:

(Goro will be claiming credit for "predicting" this one.  I will be interested in hearing his reasoning.  I personally suspend disbelief when I open my mind to another's viewpoint.)

But one thing I'd like to add is that using the recent deadly-earthquake dates of Sumatra (Dec 26) and Iran (2/22) for the phi-based decoding system, the date pinpointed would be March 29. And for this one specifically, I won't go into the background contexts and reasoning yet, but there is a 'storyline' emerging here that might involve directly or indirectly Hawaii and the pattern is such that... it could potentially manifest in the form of a major 'earthshaking' event.

Now, the first reaction is, wow, that was pretty good, considering there was a major earthquake in the same area near the day that Goro predicted for an 'earthshaking' event.  Nevermind that it's a day early or that it doesn't seem to have much to do with Hawaii.  And nevermind that earthquakes happen all the time.  And also nevermind that the only reason that this one is reported on is because it is so near, if not almost exactly, the place that "caused" the tsunami.

See, the first reaction is a mild belief, but once you start realizing that the filter has kicked in, and start processing all the information that contradicts Goro's conclusion, then you can start seeing the axiom "what the thinker thinks, the prover proves" in effect.

But, it was still interesting that it happened near the tsunami earthquake on the day near Goro's prediction.  (Hawaii was predicted, but we'll see tomorrow, eh?)

* When we start identifying wisdom with our ability to comprehend its form, what wisdom is that?
* Judge not, that ye be not judged. For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
* People want platitudes, not progress.

55 (edited by grafik 2005-04-19 18:19:34)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

he was a jerk early on and i evidently used way too much bandwidth   but as for the reason for pulling the forum i think if he isn't inside the plot he musthave rubbed somebody wrong and got the riaa type goon squad pissed cause they're visiting tons of folks lately...

goro kicked me off the forum before he shut it down.
do i sound that imposing?
i do graphic art and freely give...
my beliefs are unknown to all<>

56 (edited by Bhang 2005-04-21 21:47:05)

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

Maybe the people posting on the forums were posting what Goro was going to say?

Devilstix and I spoke in person about what the next target was going to be. We both independantly said Chicago before Goro posted it... it was really weird.

I think it has to do the Sears tower and WTC connection

Or maybe Goro gets too close with his post and a funny looking man in a suit persuades Goro to lay low?.

Hyperdimensional Blogging

Re: goro adachi forum yanked

no pictures here only revelations

goro kicked me off the forum before he shut it down.
do i sound that imposing?
i do graphic art and freely give...
my beliefs are unknown to all<>